Epidemic hemorrhagic fever
Version: November 2025
Introduction
Epidemic hemorrhagic fever is a viral disease characterized by fever and bleeding disorders, often leading to shock, organ failure, and death. Commonly caused by viruses such as Ebola, Marburg, and Lassa, this condition is transmitted through contact with infected animals, humans, or body fluids. The diseases are endemic in various regions, particularly in parts of Africa and Asia, with outbreaks causing significant morbidity and mortality. Symptoms include high fever, internal and external bleeding, and multi-organ dysfunction. Prevention and control rely on surveillance, rapid diagnosis, isolation, and supportive care, alongside vaccine development for some viruses.
Highlights
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Decline in Cases: From 2015 to 2025, epidemic hemorrhagic fever cases in China have significantly decreased, with monthly cases dropping to hundreds by late 2025.
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Stable Mortality: Despite case fluctuations, deaths have stayed low, indicating better disease management. Current monthly deaths are under 5.
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Seasonal Trends: Cases consistently rise in November-December, indicating a potential seasonal trend that requires targeted interventions during colder months.
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Current Situation: As of November 2025, case numbers are lower than previous years, and mortality is reduced. This suggests effective disease control strategies are in place.
Analysis
Cases Analysis
The data on epidemic hemorrhagic fever in mainland China from 2015 to 2025 reveals notable variations in case numbers and fatalities. Peaks occur annually in November and December, aligning with environmental and behavioral factors that influence transmission. For example, 2017 saw 2,021 cases in November, increasing to 2,105 in December, with deaths also rising. This pattern is consistent across several years, underscoring a seasonal trend.
A decline in both cases and deaths starts around 2020, pointing to effective public health interventions. November 2020 recorded 1,796 cases with 14 deaths, whereas November 2024 reported 777 cases and only 4 deaths. This reduction might be attributed to heightened awareness, vaccination, or other strategic measures aimed at reducing transmission and enhancing treatment efficiency.
The data suggests an initial epidemic phase followed by a gradual decline, reflecting improvements in public health responses. While case numbers continue to spike slightly in November each year, advancements in medical care have reduced fatalities despite fluctuations in case numbers. This indicates success in managing the disease, with consistent efforts leading to more effective control and mitigation strategies. Overall, the downward trend in mortality rates suggests more successful outcomes in combating epidemic hemorrhagic fever over the years.
Deaths Analysis
The analysis of deaths related to Epidemic hemorrhagic fever in mainland China from 2015 to 2025 shows noticeable patterns in both cases and mortality rates. Annually, there are significant fluctuations, with colder months like November to January generally showing higher mortality. Notably, November 2018 and December 2021 recorded high fatalities, which corresponded with increased cases, highlighting a seasonal pattern possibly related to environmental or behavioral factors.
The mortality rates in the early years (2015-2016) were moderate, with a noticeable higher case-fatality ratio during peak months. From 2019 onwards, although certain months recorded a surge in cases, the number of deaths became more stabilized. This stabilization suggests improvements in healthcare or public health interventions, leading to reduced mortality despite ongoing transmission.
In recent years, especially from 2023 onwards, both cases and fatalities have generally decreased, indicating potential success in controlling the epidemic or possibly increased population immunity. By 2025, monthly data indicate no fatalities in several months even when cases were present. This trend may reflect enhanced disease management strategies, improved healthcare responses, or changes in virus behavior or host immunity.
Overall, the data suggests effective public health strategies and response measures have been important in reducing the impact of Epidemic hemorrhagic fever in the Chinese mainland over time.